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Conditional Clauses

Minggu, 10 Juni 2012

d. Conditional Clauses
Conditional (Kalimat Pengandaian) menjelaskan bahwa sebuah kegiatan bertentangan dengan kegiatan yang lain. Conditional yang paling umum adalah Real Conditonal dan Unreal Conditonal, kadang-kadang disebut juga if-clauses. Real Conditional (sering juga disebut juga dengan Conditional Tipe I) yang menggambarkan tentang mengandai-andai sesuai dengan fakta.
Unreal Conditional (sering juga disebut sebagai Conditional Tipe II) yang menggambarkan tentang pengandaian yang tidak nyata atau berimajinasi. Ada juga Conditional yang ke-3 yang sering disebut dengan Conditional Tipe III, digunakan sebagai penyesalan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan zero conditional, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah pasti benar.
Catatan: Jika klausa “if” diletakkan di awal kalimat, kita harus menggunakan “koma”. Sebaliknya jika klausa “if” berada di belakang, maka tidak perlu ada koma
Conditional atau pengandaian memiliki 3 bentuk :
1. Future Conditional (Conditional Type 1)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi pada waktu mendatang ataupun sekarang, jika syarat / kondisi tertentu terpenuhi.
Rumus Conditional Type 1:
If + Subject + present simple + subject + modals (will, can, may, must ) V1 (simple form)
contoh : If have money I will buy a new car
If + Subject+ Simple present … + subject + simple-present
contoh : If he has enough time, John usually walks to school.
If + Subject + simple present …+ command form
contoh : If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me !
2. Unreal Present (Conditional Type 2)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada atau terjadi sekarang.
If + subject + simple past + subject + modals (would, could, might) V1 (Simple Form)
contoh : If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend
( Saya tidak punya waktu sehingga saya tidak bisa pergi )
He would tell you about it if he were here
( dia akan mengatakan jika dia berada disini, artinya karena dia tidak ada disini, dia tidak mengatakannya/ because he is not here he doesn’t tell you about it.)
* untuk if-clause dalam bentuk ini hanya to be “were” yang dipergunakan untuk semua subject.
if pada conditional type 2 ini dapat dihilangkan yaitu dengan penggunaan pola inversi :
Were + subject + Adj/Noun + subject + modal (would, could, might) + V1
contoh : Were I John I would not forgive you.
(kalau saja saya itu si john saya tak akan memaafkan kamu; kenyataannya saya
bukan john jadi saya memaafkan kamu / I’m not John so I forgive you).
He could hug me, if he were here. (Dia boleh memeluk saya, jika dia di sini). Faktanya: he can’t hug me, because, he is not here.
3. Unreal Past (Conditional Type 3)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang telah terjadi (lampau).
Rumus Conditional Type 3:
If + Subject + Past Perfect … subject + modals ( would, could, might) + have V3
contoh :
1. If we had known that you were there, we would have written you letter.
(kalau saja kami tahu kamu berada disana, kami sudah mengirim surat padamu;
yang bermakna bahwa kami tidak mengirim surat karena kami tidak tahu kamu berada di sana / I did not know that you were there so I didn’t write you a letter.
2. He would tell you about it if he were here.
3. If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
Bentuk inversi (tanpa “IF”) untuk pola ini :
Had + subject + V3…subject + modals (would, could, might) + have V3
kalimat diatas bila ditulis inversinya menjadi :
Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
tanpa mengubah makna maupun arti.
Contoh Soal :
  1. If it _____ so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside
a. was
b. was not x
c. weren’t
d. had not
  1. If she ______ to advance her clock one hour, she wouldn’t have been late for work
a. should have remembered
b. could remembered
c. remembered
d. would have remembered x
  1. If I were rich, I ______ to Canada to learn English.
a. will go
b. would go
c. will to go
d. would have go
  1. You should pass this _____ exam _____ if you have studied _____
a. easy, easily, hardly
b. ease, easy, hard
c. easily, easy, hard
d. easy, easily, hard
Jawaban :
  1. 1.      If it was not so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside, karena induk kalimat menggunakan V1, jadi kalimat pengandaian ini harus menggunakan tipe 2 sehingga membutuhkan simple past tenses.

  1. 2.      If she would have remembered to advance her clock one hour, she wouldn’t have been late for work, karena induk kalimat menggunakan V3, been, maka kalimat pengandaian harus menggunakan tipe 3 sehingga membutuhkan past perfect tenses sebagai jawaban.

  1. 3.      If I were rich, I would go to Canada to learn English, karena ini adalah unreal conditional (kalimat pengandaian) tipe 1, yang faktanya dalam present tense, yaitu: I am not rich, so I don’t/won’t go to Canada to learn English. Jadi, opsi yang benar adalah “would go”.

4.      You should pass this easy exam easily if you have studied hard,karena kalimat ini berturut-turut membutuhkan adjective, adverb, dan adverb. Bentuk adverb dari adjective “hard” adalah “hard”. Kata “hardly” adalah adverb, tetapi artinya adalah “almost never” = “hampir tidak pernah”, yang tidak cocok dengan konteks kalimat ini.

Sumber :
http://yorijuly14.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/struktur-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/
http://nd4s4ch.wordpress.com/2011/01/27/sentence-pola-kalimat-dalam-bahasa-inggris/
http://tensesbahasainggris.com/past-tense
http://toqotabaha.wordpress.com/author/baha23ya/page/19/
http://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/parallel-structure/
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/03/comparative-adjectives.html
http://englishonline.blogdetik.com/2009/08/09/comparatives-dan-superlatives-tingkat-lebih-dan-tingkat-paling/
http://zeniusenglish.com/57/comparatives-superlatives/
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-140-conditional-sentences.html
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-2/
http://irwandydasilva.blogspot.com/2012/03/conditional-sentence.html
http://swarabhaskara.com/parts-of-speech/noun-clauses/
http://www.belajartoefl.net/2011/10/structure-skill-noun-clause.html

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