Parallel Structure

b. Parallel Structure

Parallelism artinya kata-kata yang digunakan dalam rangkaian atau kelompok yang harus mempunyai bentuk yang sama secara grammar. Ketika kita menggunakan kata-kata atau frase yang dihubungkan dengan kata penghubung dalam sebuah rangkaian, maka bentuknya harus sama secara grammar. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

* Terry likes swimming and to dive. (Salah – tidak parallel)

* Terry likes swimming and diving. (Benar – parallel)

* Terry likes to swim and (to) dive. (Benar – parallel)

* I’m taking history, math, and chemical. (Salah – Chemical bukan kata benda)

* I’m taking history, math, and chemistry

Kadang-kadang kata-kata yang berulang-ulang seperti auxiliary verbs, dapat dihilangkan pada rangkaian selanjutnya.

* I have been to Paris and saw the Eiffel Tower. (Salah – saw seharusnya seen)

* I have been to Paris and have seen the Eiffel Tower. (Benar)

* I have been to Paris and seen the Eiffel Tower. (Benar dan lebih baik daripada contoh ke 2)

* Is she coming to the party or go to a movie? (salah)

* Is she coming to the party or going to a movie? (Benar)

Contoh soal

Identify and correct the mistakes in parallel structure in the following sentences

1. I swept the yard, weeded the garden and …. the clothes.

a. was washing

b. wash

c. washed

d. washing

1. James decided to get up early, practice some yoga and …. healthy foods.

a. eat

b. ate

c. eating

d. eaten

1. Although I trained hard, practiced every day and …… to my trainer, I never won a tournament.

a. listening

b. were listening

c. was listening

d. listened

1. I wish he would listen to me, take my advice and …… smoking.

a. stop

b. stopped

c. to stop

d. stopping

1. He is an articulate, intelligent and ….. speaker.

a. thoughtfully

b. was thought

c. thoughtful

d. were thoughtful

Jawaban

1. I swept the yard, weeded the garden and washed the clothes, karena kalimat menggunakan simple past tense yang menggunakan verb ketiga tanpa Auxiliary, sehingga kata wash juga harus menggunakan verb ketiga tanpa Auxiliary.

1. James decided to get up early, practice some yoga and eat healthy foods, karena kata sebelumnya practice menggunakan verb 1 sehingga kata pasangan paralelnya harus menggunakan verb 1 satu juga yakni eat .

1. Although I trained hard, practiced every day and listened to my trainer, I never won a tournament, karena kalimat tersebut menggunakan simple past tense yang menggunakan verb 3, maka paralelnya juga harus menggunakan verb 3.

1.  I wish he would listen to me, take my advice and stop smoking, karena kalimat take my advice menggunakan verb 1 untuk kata take, dan tanpa to be, maka paralelnya harus menggunakan verb 1 juga yakni stop, tanpa to be.

1. He is an articulate, intelligent and thoughtful speaker, karena semua yang disebutkan adalah single adjectives, maka yang dipilih adalahthoughtful. 
 

Sumber :

http://yorijuly14.wordpress.com/2010/03/18/struktur-kalimat-bahasa-inggris/

http://nd4s4ch.wordpress.com/2011/01/27/sentence-pola-kalimat-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

http://tensesbahasainggris.com/past-tense

http://toqotabaha.wordpress.com/author/baha23ya/page/19/

http://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/parallel-structure/

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/03/comparative-adjectives.html

http://englishonline.blogdetik.com/2009/08/09/comparatives-dan-superlatives-tingkat-lebih-dan-tingkat-paling/

http://zeniusenglish.com/57/comparatives-superlatives/

http://ismailmidi.com/berita-140-conditional-sentences.html

http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-2/

http://irwandydasilva.blogspot.com/2012/03/conditional-sentence.html

http://swarabhaskara.com/parts-of-speech/noun-clauses/

http://www.belajartoefl.net/2011/10/structure-skill-noun-clause.html